10 Top GMAT Idioms

If you look at many lists of GMAT ® idioms, youll likely find dozens upon dozens of preposition-based constructions, e.g.  insist on,  characteristic  of,  correlate with. Although the GMAT does sometimes test these types of idioms, it is important to understand that they are not the primary focus of the test. Because of an increase in the number of international students taking the exam, the GMAC has elected to shift the focus away from idiomatic American usage and toward more issues involving overall sentence logic. That said, there are still a handful of fixed constructions that the GMAT does regularly test. Many, but not all, of these fall into the category of word pairs (aka correlative conjunctions). Particularly if you are not a native English speaker, you are best served by focusing on these constructions, which stand a high chance of appearing, as opposed to memorizing dozens of preposition-based idioms that have only a minuscule chance of being tested on any given exam. 1) Fewer vs. Less Fewer is used to describe things that are quantifiable (countable). It is always paired with singular nouns. Less is used to describe things that are not quantifiable. It is always paired with plural nouns. Note that the GMAT is more likely to use less to incorrectly modify singular nouns than it is to use fewer to modify plural nouns. The former construction is frequently used in everyday speech, so errors involving it are more difficult to identify by ear. Incorrect: According to one recent study, people who exercise five or more times a week experience less respiratory infections than people who only exercise once a week or never at all. Correct: According to one recent study, people who exercise five or more times a week experience fewer respiratory infections than people who only exercise once a week or never at all. 2) Due to Due to = caused by. If you encounter the phrase  due to on a GMAT question, plug in caused by and see whether it still makes sense. If not, some variant of because or should probably be used instead. Note that due to is pretty much always incorrect. This phrase is very rarely used properly in everyday English, and so the GMAT tends to target its misuse rather than its use. Incorrect: The long-tailed ground roller bird is placed in the ground roller family, which was given its name due to (caused by) its similarity to the rollers and its largely terrestrial nature. Correct: The long-tailed ground roller bird is placed in the ground roller family, which was given its name because of (or: as a result of) its similarity to the rollers and its largely terrestrial nature. 3) The -ER, the -ER This is a form of parallel construction used to indicate that an increase in one action causes an increase another action. Sentences involving it typically contain two clauses, with the comparative (more/-ER) placed at the beginning of each clause. Correct: The higher housing prices climb, the  greater the concern among economists that the market is headed for a crash. 4) More/-ERThan The comparative form of an adjective (adjective + -ER or more + adjective) must be paired with than. Incorrect:  Although many people have attempted to solve the mystery of Stonehenge, its purpose is hardly clearer in the twenty-first century  as it was five hundred years ago. Correct: Although many people have attempted to solve the mystery of Stonehenge, its purpose is hardly clearer in the twenty-first century than it was five hundred years ago. 5) BetweenAnd Incorrect: Certain parrot species can learn up to 2,000 words, in some cases further demonstrating their cognitive capacities through their ability to form associations between words to their meanings. Correct: Certain parrot species can learn up to 2,000 words, in some cases further demonstrating their cognitive capacities through their ability to form associations between words and their meanings. 6) So/SuchThat Incorrect: While Einstein himself was so resistant to the idea of black holes and  refusing to even acknowledge the possibility of their existence, other physicists used his groundwork to study these galactic giants. Correct: While Einstein himself was so resistant to the idea of black holes that he refused to even acknowledge the possibility of their existence, other physicists used his groundwork to study these galactic giants. 7) Such as vs. Like Such as = examples Like = comparison Such as is often incorrectly replaced by like before a set of examples. As a result, answers with such as tend to be correct. Correct: People who seek out extreme sports like skydiving and mountain climbing often do so because they feel compelled to explore the limits of their endurance. Correct:  People who seek out extreme sports such as skydiving and mountain climbing often do so because they feel compelled to explore the limits of their endurance. 8) In contrast to Incorrect: Contrasting with southern Renaissance painting, which focused on symmetry and perspective, northern Renaissance painting placed a greater emphasis on naturalism and surface detail. Correct: In contrast to southern Renaissance painting, which focused on symmetry and perspective, northern Renaissance painting placed a greater emphasis on naturalism and surface detail. When the formation of comparisons is tested, the GMAT also has a strong preference for (un)like. Correct: Unlike southern Renaissance painting, which focused on symmetry and perspective, northern Renaissance painting placed a greater emphasis on naturalism and surface detail. 9) Regard as   Incorrect: Among historians, the fall of Constantinople in 1453 is generally regarded to be one of the most consequential events of the late Middle Ages. Correct: Among historians, the fall of Constantinople in 1453 is generally regarded as one of the most consequential events of the late Middle Ages. 10) The term x refers to A term can only refer to something; it cannot actually be something. Incorrect: The term Tudor myth is a longstanding view of sixteenth-century England as a political and social golden age, ruled by the divinely-appointed Tudors. Correct: Incorrect: The term Tudor myth  refers to a longstanding view of sixteenth-century England as a political and social golden age, ruled by the divinely-appointed Tudors.

Reflection Education and Reflective Practice Essay

The aim of this assignment is to give a reflective account on group presentation and the peer assessment process as well as the development of a personal action plan. It would involve using ‘The What? Model of Structured Reflection’ (Driscoll 2007) to analyse the experience of using a group designed assessment tool to assess my peers and the experience of being peer assessed. Additionally, experience of completing a group presentation would be reflected upon. A personal action plan which identifies areas for personal development and the designed assessment tool is attached as appendix 1 and 2 respectively. Reflection entails reviewing experience from practice so that it may be described, analysed, evaluated and consequently used to†¦show more content†¦Although, the assessment tool appeared simple as it involved ticking boxes. However, it was difficult to decide which boxes to tick because students demonstrated majority of the criteria but at different levels and this led to being over marked. It would have been more realistic to award marks to each criterion rather than ticking boxes. Hargreaves (2007) as well as Quinn and Hughes (2007, p270) propose that assessment tool should be both valid (assess what it claims to assess) and reliable (perform in a consistent and stable manner). It is of the opinion now following the assessment that our assessment tool cannot be considered valid and reliable for the following reasons. Learning outcome was not part of the criteria so it was impossible to make a judgement about the quality of the students presentation and thus could not be penalized. Hinchliff (1999) suggests that learning outcomes should be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timed (SMART). It should include an indication of the evidence required to demonstrate that learning has been achieved (Dix and Hughes, 2004), but Welsh and Swann (2002) caution that too many may create unreasonable expectations. Moreover, the ambiguity of the tool and individuals subjectivity in terms of attitudes, beliefs and values (the ‘halo’ effect) resulted in perceived bias which affected the reliability. Bias however, remains an issue to overcome and as such I feltShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Reflective Practice Within Healthcare And Nursing894 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding of the theory of reflective practice within healthcare and nursing. Furthermore, the essay will identify and analyse the different models of reflective practice, the effectiveness of the models and how healthcare professionals can apply this within their profession. Also, the barriers that may prevent a healthcare professional from reflecting will be discussed in this essay and how it will impact the quality of care delivered to patients. Reflection and reflective practice can be defined in manyRead MoreReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice1332 Words   |  6 Pages Reflective Practice in Special Education Using Action Research Sunny Suzanne West St. Joseph’s University Course Title â€Æ' Abstract: Reflective Practices in Special Education Using Action Research Title and Link to Study: Promoting Reflective Practices in Special Education through Action Research: Recommendations from Pre-service Teachers; Paula Wenner Conroy http://journals.library.wisc.edu/index.php/networks Research Problem and Purpose of the Study: What is reflectiveRead MoreReflection Of The Confucius A Chinese Philosopher s Saying Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Practice I would like to start my essay by sharing the Confucius a Chinese philosopher’s saying: By three methods we may learn wisdom: first, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest. Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC) Chinese Philosopher Definition of Reflective Practice: This practice is one of the oldest theory that experienced by ancient Greeks over 2500 years ago as a concept of intention in exploration of truthRead MoreDebriefing Simulation As A Reflective Tool1034 Words   |  5 PagesDebriefing in the simulation as a reflective tool Simulation is one kind of reflective tool that widely use in nursing education. National League for Nursing (NLN) described that simulation was a teaching technique that encouraged students to use and apply their theoretical knowledge in clinical scenarios (2015). NLN (2015) also mentioned that â€Å"simulation engages learners with diverse perspectives to reflect and reframe the understanding of practice, bringing thinking and doing together† (p. 4)Read MoreCritical Reflection Is Essential For Developing An Adaptive Pedagogy1112 Words   |  5 PagesCritical reflection is essential for developing an adaptive pedagogy in that critical reflection encourages the sharing of knowledge, skills and experiences. Furthermore, critical reflective practice is a form of ongoing learning that involves engaging with questions of philosophy, ethics and practice. Additionally, documenting the daily events in the ECE sector is an important aspect of being a professional and are a compulsor y requirement for meeting the NCAC (2005) guidelines for high qualityRead MorePersonal Reflection And Development Plan1431 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Reflection and Development Plan Reflective practice has helped many people to improve their learning. It is a valuable tool often used by healthcare and education providers to improve their approach to work by questioning their actions. Throughout my short time spent in Higher Education (HE) I have learned many new aspects of learning like different learning styles and models of reflection and this provides me with an opportunity to look back over these ideas and reflect. This will allowRead Morecomparing relevant theories principles and models of reflective practice965 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Comparing relevant theories, principles and models of reflective practice In this evaluation I will analyse and compare relevant theories, principles and models of reflective practice and explain how they relate to my practice and development. Reflective practice is an evolving concept. In the 1930s, John Dewey defined reflective thought as: ‘Active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the furtherRead MoreReflective Reflection1266 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluate key academic sources linked with reflective practice, these include models by Gibbs, Kolb and Schon. One of these reflective models will be used to provide a critical analysis of my experience on the Study Skills and Employability module. Critical reflection will be included on how I felt during the module and what I have learnt from the module as well as what I would do next time if I was to repeat the module again. Reflection/ Reflective practice Reflection involves looking back on an experienceRead MoreReflection1542 Words   |  7 Pagesis to discuss the contribution of reflective practice for clinical nursing. Reflection has been defined as a way for individuals to â€Å"capture their experience, think about it, mull it over and evaluate† (Boud et al 1985: 19) Argyris and Schon (1974) suggest that practitioners often practice at less than effective levels because they follow routine. Johns (1995) implies that action can be taken through reflection to increase effectiveness in practice as reflection provides opportunities for self developmentRead MoreThe Theory And Practices Of Reflection1254 Words   |  6 Pages Critical reflection is the active, organised cognitive process used to carefully examine ones thinking and the thinking of others. It draws upon skills used in other ways of thinking, but is viewed as a broader concept that’s differentiated by its holistic, purposeful, reflective and goal orientated nature. Critical thinking is central to quality nursing practice. It is therefore important that nurses purposefully use and develop their critical thinking ability in order to deliver safe and effective

Qualitative Research Study And Action Research Essay

Introduction Qualitative research plays an important role in evidenced-based practice. Qualitative research often lay down the platform for added official quantitative studies or a follow up to a broad quantitative study. Qualitative research is a subjective design that investigates exceptional life concepts in a naturalistic setting using narrative descriptions as the findings (Polit Beck, 2017). There are six general types of qualitative research designs, namely phenomenological, ethnographic, historical, grounded theory, case study and action research, each one of these research design studies distinct human experiences phenomena (Polit Beck, 2017). The phenomenological research design studies the human understanding or knowledge base through descriptions that are afforded from lived experiences while the ethnographic design comprises data collection and analysis related to cultural groups (Polit Beck, 2017). Qualitative research is opposite of quantitative research, quantitative research c ounts on numerical and measurable with scales, tools, and intervention, it focuses on tightly controlled variables in a structured setting to provide explanation of laws and qualitative design is more flexible with variables and wants to understand the participants’ behaviors (Polit Beck, 2017). Validity in Qualitative Research Designs Qualitative research validity relates to the dependability and trustworthiness of data, events, and activities as indicated from researchShow MoreRelatedQualitative Research Study And Action Research Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pages Qualitative research plays an important role in evidenced base practice. Qualitative research often lay down the platform for added official quantitative studies or a follow up to a broad quantitative study. Qualitative research is a subjective design that investigate exceptional life concepts in a naturalistic setting using narrative descriptions as the findings (Polit Beck, 2017). There are six general types of qualitative research designs namely phenomenological, ethnographic, historical,Read MoreQualitative Research Study And Action Research862 Words   |  4 PagesFor this qualitative study the researchers chose a retailer of prescription eyewear, and prescription sunglasses positioned in a busy area of Surprise. The main street was closed off due to heavy construction, however, the parking lot was full. The business was positioned in a small strip mall between a real estate office, fast food restaurant, and yogurt shop. There were many patrons of various cultures and ages. Th ey were entering and leaving the surrounding shops including the business settingRead MoreQualitative, Qualitative And Qualitative Research1272 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribe qualitative research. Qualitative inquiry is a systematic process of describing, analyzing and interpreting insights discovered in every day life. Similar to quantitative research, qualitative methods begin with [empirical] observation of a phenomenon and its characteristics. In qualitative studies, the logic of inference is one of directly observed comparison, resulting in new insights and reclassifications, rather than strict numerical comparison and classification. This form of research generatesRead MorePrimary Sources Of Primary Research1231 Words   |  5 Pages1. Primary research, or research using primary sources, is first hand data and / or resources. In other words researchers are collecting data themselves. Primary sources are also examples of primary research; for example, when writing an essay on the Roman Empire, a diary or painting of that time is a primary source (also called the original source or original evidence) it has not been altered and is the closest real source information to the topic. Secondary research on the other hand involvesRead MoreQuestions On Quantitative And Qualitative Research964 Words   |  4 PagesOther Approaches to Research In the 20th century researchers developed other research designs that draw on quantitative and qualitative elements. Mixed methods, action research, and program evaluation follow the research design process of quantitative and qualitative research. Action research and program evaluation however are not applied research designs. Mixed Methods As the name implies, mixed methods research combines both quantitative and qualitative components to add depth and breadthRead MoreThe Scientific And Disciplined Inquiry Approach757 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Research Methodologies According to Merriam -Webster (2015), research is the â€Å"investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws†. As stated by Ndunda (2004), â€Å"research helps to provide facts, reliable information or verifiable information instead of assumptions.† Research should be conducted in a structured, systematicRead More Research Methods1483 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze of research in averagely can be accounted as an aim for understanding or a systematic study in search of information to shape or accept achievable facts. There are two mainly different ways of research. First, there is the basic research that appears not to go into the study field and the second, way is the applied research that studies given area into the aspect. It applies to resolve, understand and advance the methods and systems that are used in the search for human understanding of abnormalRead MoreResearch Methodology : Mixed And Action1095 Words   |  5 PagesMixed and Action MGMT605-1503B-01 Dolores Jackson Williams Colorado Technical University Online Action Research Action research methodology involves societal and psychosomatic research to help researchers to categorize social issues in a group or within the community, by using active participation in the research the group for the express exertion to solve the issues. Action research is in any environment where people will engage in a collective manner and are goal directed. Action research startsRead MoreIn Defense of Qualitative Research Methods1591 Words   |  7 PagesTOPIC: Qualitative research is often said to be without structure, process and rigor. Discuss. NAME: Jepter Lorde SUBJECT: Qualitative Research Methods ABSTRACT The continued academic tension between qualitative and quantitative inquiry has continued unabated. Scholarship since the 1980s, to redefine both paradigms, attempt to bring balance and importance of the respective contribution of both research processes. This has resulted in an interesting shift for â€Å"ensuring structure, process and rigor†Read MoreQualitative Design Chart Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesQualitative Design Chart The type of data collection for a qualitative research study depends on the research design. The qualitative design itself originates out of the disciplines and flow throughout the process of research (Creswell, 2014). Creswell (2014) recommends narrative, phenomenology, ethnography, case study, and grounded theory as common qualitative research methods. These were recommended because of they are popular across the social and health and science research studies. Hays Qualitative Research Study And Action Research Essay Qualitative research plays an important role in evidenced base practice. Qualitative research often lay down the platform for added official quantitative studies or a follow up to a broad quantitative study. Qualitative research is a subjective design that investigate exceptional life concepts in a naturalistic setting using narrative descriptions as the findings (Polit Beck, 2017). There are six general types of qualitative research designs namely phenomenological, ethnographic, historical, grounded theory, case study and action research, each one of these research design studies distinct human experiences phenomena (Polit Beck, 2017). The phenomenological research design studies the human understanding or knowledge base through descriptions that are afforded from lived experiences while the ethnographic design comprise data collection and analysis related to cultural groups (Polit Beck, 2017). Qualitative research is opposite of quantitative research, quantitative research count s on numerical and measure with scales, tools and intervention, it focuses on tightly controlled variables in a structured setting to provide explanation of laws and qualitative design is more flexible with variables and wants to understand the participants behaviors (Polit Beck, 2017). Validity in Qualitative Research Designs Qualitative research validity relates to the dependability and trustworthiness of data, events, and activities as indicated from research results analyzed.Show MoreRelatedQualitative Research Study And Action Research Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Qualitative research plays an important role in evidenced-based practice. Qualitative research often lay down the platform for added official quantitative studies or a follow up to a broad quantitative study. Qualitative research is a subjective design that investigates exceptional life concepts in a naturalistic setting using narrative descriptions as the findings (Polit Beck, 2017). There are six general types of qualitative research designs, namely phenomenological, ethnographicRead MoreQualitative Research Study And Action Research862 Words   |  4 PagesFor this qualitative study the researchers chose a retailer of prescription eyewear, and prescription sunglasses positioned in a busy area of Surprise. The main street was closed off due to heavy construction, however, the parking lot was full. The business was positioned in a small strip mall between a real estate office, fast food restaurant, and yogurt shop. There were many patrons of various cultures and ages. They were en tering and leaving the surrounding shops including the business settingRead MoreQualitative, Qualitative And Qualitative Research1272 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribe qualitative research. Qualitative inquiry is a systematic process of describing, analyzing and interpreting insights discovered in every day life. Similar to quantitative research, qualitative methods begin with [empirical] observation of a phenomenon and its characteristics. In qualitative studies, the logic of inference is one of directly observed comparison, resulting in new insights and reclassifications, rather than strict numerical comparison and classification. This form of research generatesRead MorePrimary Sources Of Primary Research1231 Words   |  5 Pages1. Primary research, or research using primary sources, is first hand data and / or resources. In other words researchers are collecting data themselves. Primary sources are also examples of primary research; for example, when writing an essay on the Roman Empire, a diary or painting of that time is a primary source (also called the original source or original evidence) it has not been altered and is the closest real source information to the topic. Secondary research on the other hand involvesRead MoreQuestions On Quantitative And Qualitative Research964 Words   |  4 PagesOther Approaches to Research In the 20th century researchers developed other research designs that draw on quantitative and qualitative elements. Mixed methods, action research, and program evaluation follow the research design process of quantitative and qualitative research. Action research and program evaluation however are not applied research designs. Mixed Methods As the name implies, mixed methods research combines both quantitative and qualitative components to add depth and breadthRead MoreThe Scientific And Disciplined Inquiry Approach757 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Research Methodologies According to Merriam -Webster (2015), research is the â€Å"investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws†. As stated by Ndunda (2004), â€Å"research helps to provide facts, reliable information or verifiable information instead of assumptions.† Research should be conducted in a structured, systematicRead More Research Methods1483 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze of research in averagely can be accounted as an aim for understanding or a systematic study in search of information to shape or accept achievable facts. There are two mainly different ways of research. First, there is the basic research that appears not to go into the study field and the second, way is the applied research that studies given area into the aspect. It applies to resolve, understand and advance the methods and systems that are used in the search for human understanding of abnormalRead MoreResearch Methodology : Mixed And Action1095 Words   |  5 PagesMixed and Action MGMT605-1503B-01 Dolores Jackson Williams Colorado Technical University Online Action Research Action research methodology involves societal and psychosomatic research to help researchers to categorize social issues in a group or within the community, by using active participation in the research the group for the express exertion to solve the issues. Action research is in any environment where people will engage in a collective manner and are goal directed. Action research startsRead MoreIn Defense of Qualitative Research Methods1591 Words   |  7 PagesTOPIC: Qualitative research is often said to be without structure, process and rigor. Discuss. NAME: Jepter Lorde SUBJECT: Qualitative Research Methods ABSTRACT The continued academic tension between qualitative and quantitative inquiry has continued unabated. Scholarship since the 1980s, to redefine both paradigms, attempt to bring balance and importance of the respective contribution of both research processes. This has resulted in an interesting shift for â€Å"ensuring structure, process and rigor†Read MoreQualitative Design Chart Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesQualitative Design Chart The type of data collection for a qualitative research study depends on the research design. The qualitative design itself originates out of the disciplines and flow throughout the process of research (Creswell, 2014). Creswell (2014) recommends narrative, phenomenology, ethnography, case study, and grounded theory as common qualitative research methods. These were recommended because of they are popular across the social and health and science research studies. Hays

Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Management

Question: Discuss about the Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Management. Answer: Introduction This paper critically evaluates the topic the role of the leader in the practice of good governance and social responsibility in a publicly or privately held company. For this paper, Westpac Banking Corporation is selected to explain the concepts of organizational CSR commitment and organizational ethical decision making. Westpac Banking Corporation that is also known as Westpac (an Australian bank and financial-services provider) more commonly applies the CSR and ethical strategy to maintain its reputation and goodwill in the markets of Australia, New Zealand and the near Pacific. Westpac Group has been awarded as Socially Responsible Bank of the Year 2015 by Money Consumer Finance Award. The company recognizes the bank's social and environmental leadership effectively (Westpac Banking Corporation. 2017). Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the responsibility of an organisation for the society, people and environment that fulfill by it to behave transparent, legal and ethical. The main concept of the CSR is that the organization is responsible for not only their investors or stakeholders but also responsible for people, society, and environment; so it integrated social, environmental and ethical concerns within organizational business process. The concept of CSR explains that organizations must contribute into sustainable development by focusing on health and welfare of society (Carroll and Shabana, 2010). According to the CSR, the organizations must consider the interest of all stakeholders and focus on fulfillment of the expectations of stakeholders including, employees, customers, suppliers, dealers, investors or shareholders, local communities, government, and the environment. Moreover, after the globalization of the market, the CSR concept has been converted in compliance with applicable business laws, ethics and international norms of behavior. In the twentieth century, the concept of the CSR has been developed as a global governance mechanism by the global trans-national institutions such as the United Nations (UN), The World Bank, Trade Organization (WTO), The World Bank, the International Labour Organization, and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). These global trans-national institutions and arrangements have developed the concept of CSR with respect to human rights and economic development (ACCSR Environment Policy, 2016). In the same manner, the business leaders are mainly responsible in setting and shaping CSR as they considered the interest of all stakeholders while taking the business decisions. Business leaders must follow the laws, ethics and international business norms in the practice of good governance and social responsibility in a publicly or privately held company. Business leaders are responsible for business failures similar as they also responsible for CSR issues and unethical issues (McWilliams, Siegel and Wright, 2006). Along with this, business leaders and management are responsible to understand the concepts of CSR and ethics (morals and values) as a response to business social responsibility and obligation to the community. Concept of CSR, Ethics, Morals and Values The concept of ethics means the corporation or person must behave right and follow morals or values to promote the good of everybody in the society or community. The concept of ethics is different with the concept of CSR because of ethics talks about the values and morals of a person/organization, while CSR is a practice that involves a small part of each of these ethical areas. CSR concept means corporations have responsibilities to a variety of other stakeholder, while the concept of ethics indicates corporations have moral responsibilities to follow laws and ethics to prevent the people and environment. The CSR concept means corporation focus on profit with social responsibility for people and environment, while ethics means corporations follow laws and regulations to perform business activities to make a positive move or provide benefits to society (Carroll and Shabana, 2010). In addition, ethics is related to a society, CSR related to people and environment and morality values are related to an individual person. Ethics and CSR are related more to a professional life and business or corporation while morals or values are related to individual as what beliefs and principles individuals follow independently. Strategic Implications of Adopting Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics The CSR and business ethics are an integral element of a firms business, so that strategic implication of adaptation of CSR and ethics is essential for any kind of firm at the present times. In recent times, many MNCs are adopting the CSR and business ethics as the strategic implications to create their image and reputation in the minds of people. The main reason behind it is that it gives message to people that organization behaves ethically and prevents the people and environment. For instance, Westpac publishes its annual reports on social responsibility that describe its CSR strategies or activities that the company uses to reduce the pollution, save energy, and save the people or environment through focusing on the reduction of emission of carbon. The major strategic implication of adopting CSR and business ethics of Westpac is to investment in CSR in order to develop reputation in the marketplace (Ramasastry, 2015). As CSR and ethics strategic implication, Westpac is able to at tend the interests of a wider set of stakeholders that enhance its intangible assets such as: relationships, goodwill, reputation, image, trust, brand value and opportunities for innovation. On the other hand, most of the MNCs are adopting CSR and business ethics as a strategy of achieving the competitive advantages in the market. Westpac adopts CSR and ethics as strategic implications for considering the interest of all stakeholders to provide benefits to them through the business processes or operations. Profit earning is not the only aim of the Westpac, but it focuses on contribution into the society and environment as well as improves people living way through strategic CSR and business ethics (McWilliams, Siegel and Wright, 2006). Moreover, after the globalization, in more competitive global markets, the organizations like Westpac gains a competitive advantage by providing benefits to the public all the way through strategic adaptation of CSR and business ethics. Ethical Business Dilemmas and Their Overcome In recent times, employees face several types of ethical dilemmas and some of them on a regular basis. For case, discrimination at workplace, unfair wages, taking credit for others, side deal or gross negligence, financial fraud, misleading financial statement, etc. are the major examples of ethical business dilemmas. Employee differentiation on the base of gender, culture, tradition, religion, norms, citizenship, etc, is the unethical behavior of the leaders. Harassing behavior such as mentally, sexually or physical harassment is also example of ethical dilemma that impacts other employees self-esteem as well as performance. In recent times, ethical dilemma related to financial fraud and misleading financial statement related has become a major subject of concern to the organizations (Valentine and Fleischman, 2008). Along with this, business organizations adopt and implement CSR and business ethics to overcome ethical dilemmas related to harassment, discrimination, financial fraud, misleading financial statement and so on effectively. Westpac also adopts CSR and ethics in the workplace to bind the leaders, managers and employees behave ethically with others in the organization. Westpac implements the code of ethics in the organization to overcome the ethical dilemmas in an effective and an appropriate way. Leader Role in Setting and Influencing Corporate Responsibility in Organization Business leaders or managers of Westpac play a major role in strategic implications of corporate social responsibility and business ethics. Business leaders or managers of Westpac reform their business frameworks, rules, and models to consider the interests of stakeholders and follow laws while taking business decisions or making business policy, plan or strategy (Michelon, Boesso and Kumar, 2013). Along with this, Leader or manager sets and influences CSR in Westpac by aligning employee goals with Westpacs CSR goals. Managers or leaders maintain the regular communication with its employees about their individual goals with Westpacs CSR goals during staff meetings, week or monthly meetings by phone, emails, social media, etc. Moreover, Leaders set and influence CSR in workplace by setting an example of role model for its employees; so they can behave ethically and responsibility. Leaders are also adopting CSR and business ethics through setting or implementing code of ethics for empl oyees in Westpac. Leaders recognize and reward to employee for their contributions to Westpacs CSR activities (Ruggie, 2014). Conclusion On the premises of above report, it can be concluded that CSR and business ethics has become essential business aspect for Westpac to maintain its brand name and image in the market. Moreover, leaders or managers of Westpac play major roles in the practice of good governance and social responsibility through aligning employee goals with CSR goals of Westpac. References ACCSR Environment Policy. (2016). What is CSR? [Online]. Available At: https://accsr.com.au/what-is-csr/ [Accessed On: 09th January 2017] Carroll, A. B. and Shabana, K. M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International journal of management reviews, 12(1), pp. 85-105. McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. S. and Wright, P. M. (2006). Corporate social responsibility: Strategic implications. Journal of management studies, 43(1), pp. 1-18. Michelon, G., Boesso, G. and Kumar, K. (2013). Examining the link between strategic corporate social responsibility and company performance: An analysis of the best corporate citizens. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 20(2), pp. 81-94. Ramasastry, A. (2015). Corporate Social Responsibility Versus Business and Human Rights: Bridging the Gap Between Responsibility and Accountability. Journal of Human Rights, 14(2), pp. 237-259. Ruggie, J. G. (2014). Global Governance and New Governance Theory: Lessons from Business and Human Rights. Global Governance, 20(1), pp. 5-17. Valentine, S. and Fleischman, G. (2008). Ethics programs, perceived corporate social responsibility and job satisfaction. Journal of business ethics, 77(2), pp. 159-172. Westpac Banking Corporation. (2017). Westpac named Socially Responsible Bank for third year running. [Online]. Available At: https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/westpac-group/company-overview/our-strategy-vision/ [Accessed On: 09th January 2017]