Religious Freedom free essay sample

Opportunity In the United States today, Catholics wind up strictly compromised by new government laws and orders. The absolute most renowned Catholic organizations wind up picking between their ethical convictions, or totally closing down because of society and the new laws. Same-sex marriage laws have lead to incalculable number of claims because of Christians declining to yield to societys principles. Catholic residents, in such a riotous and improper society, must battle the social typical and reestablish the eliefs and lessons of Christ. The city of Boston, home to one of the countries most seasoned appropriation offices, as of late ended up compelled to settle on a to some degree unthinkable choice: Molate its still, small voice or close its entryways. (USCCB). So as to be legitimately authorized in the express, the reception offices would need to submit to laws concerning victimization sexual direction, which means kids would must have the alternative to live with same-sex couples. We will compose a custom article test on Strict Freedom or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A similar situation began clearing the country. Noble cause and offices in San Francisco, Illinois, Georgia, and the District of Columbia were additionally immediately compelled to close down for all time. In Illinois explicitly, the state would no longer give them cash on the off chance that they wouldn't put youngsters in same-sex homes. Religious administrator Paprocki of the Diocese of Springfield stated, for the sake of resilience, we are not being endured (USCCB). Catholics must battle for the most essential pieces of the Church, its organizations and good cause, safeguarding the possibility of strict opportunity. Catholic Social Teaching states that as individuals from the congregation each ndividual has a call to cooperation, and network, fghting for Justice in the public eye (Catholic Social Teaching). Regardless of whether it incorporates setting off to the countries capital, or fund-raising in a nearby area, each Catholic should put forth an attempt to battle for genuine strict opportunity in each nation around the globe. The contention of strict opportunity stretches out past the United States, to the neighboring nation of Canada. An ongoing government declaration of a Canadian Charter of Quebec esteems characterizes Quebec as a carefully common state. The priest liable for Democratic Institutions and Active Citizenship says, We along these lines propose to set up an obligation of strict lack of bias and hold among state work force. This obligation would imply that state representatives couldn't wear prominent strict images while they work (Catholic News Agency). This law concerns numerous individuals in the state, prohibiting basic Jewelry like rosary wristbands, little crosses, cloak, and so forth. Quebec basically wants to wipe out any strict component in its general public. Catholic schools, however still llowed to keep its title of catholic, will see a radical change, with the administration directing what instructors can and can't show the understudies. Christians, Muslims, Jews, and so forth from all over continue to approach the legislature to topple these exacting limitations. Priests and strict pioneers keep on following up on the call to partake, composing letters, and directing meetings expressing the prompt activities that should be taken against the sanction. All around the world, governments keep on passing laws constraining crafted by Catholic offices and devoted adherents.

The social and political context of the 1950?s is crucial to any unders

The social and political setting of the 1950’s is vital to any comprehension of the introduction of jammin. â€Å"Rock was shaped out of the social, financial and political setting of post-war America†. The social setting was on the bases of the post war time of increased birth rates, which meant the introduction of 77 million infants between the years 1946-1964. Continuously 1964 40% of America’s populace was under twenty years old. Just because both center and common laborers young people were securing a wealthy way of life. Extra cash originated from low maintenance work and pocket cash, which gave young people some type of spending power, which gave them a feeling of freedom. This psyche you were what Wicke’s call attention to was expected to America’s financial development and private enterprise, which was reestablished in the nation. The American governments doubt in legislators just as different individuals in various establishments prompted the examination of various individuals and the requirement for government representatives to sign faithfulness vows. America got fixated on the need to acclimate in social conduct, to such an extent that young people were put constrained to comprehend the significant estimation of the American lifestyle, which was to get along admirably at school. This message was conveyed through the barrage of promulgation battles. It was this idea of significance on school that humanist Coleman portrays similar to the explanation behind the isolation of young people from the remainder of society by framing another culture ‘teenagers’ a gr...

Trade in Energy and Energy Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Exchange Energy and Energy Security - Essay Example Besides, it is their lawful commitment to keep up the wellbeing and government assistance of the patient. During the sixties, a few issues rose, which focused on addressing and testing the standard customs and estimations of society. One such issue was that of patients, who was in perpetual vegetative state. The inquiry emerged whether a specialist reserved the privilege to pull back from treating such patients without the assent of the watchmen? Steady vegetative state is viewed as that condition of human psyche, wherein the patient is in trance like state and has progressed towards â€Å"the state of incomplete arousal†1. The term was presented and created in the seventies by Jennet and Plum. The point of this paper is to dissect the legitimate charges against a specialist, who had would not treat a patient, who had been in a vegetative state for over three years, in the lights of wide and various scholastic assets. Review As referenced before, steady vegetative state is tha t condition, wherein the human cerebrum is seriously harmed and the patient is in extreme lethargies, trailed by progressive development towards â€Å"the condition of attentiveness without recognizable awareness†2 . ... The articulation vegetable is has been utilized so as to characterize the current state of the human brain. Research recommends that a patient experiencing PVS can live for an exceptionally significant stretch and in this way, the person in question isn't experiencing a lethal malady. On premise of morals, reasoning and profound quality, the articulation looks to go up against and contest the day by day convictions and beliefs of human culture and the importance of being alive6. In addition, it conflicts with the points of view of independence and character. Patients experiencing this condition are stuck in a zone and in this manner, they don't be able to associate with their environmental factors. Additionally, their current perspective doesn't permit them to speak with their friends and family. From lawful point of view, the term relentless vegetative state has not been characterized widely. Research recommends that the courts in United Kingdom â€Å"have required petitions before end of life bolster that exhibit that any recuperation of intellectual capacities over a vegetative state is evaluated as inconceivable by definitive clinical opinion†7. In specific examples, it has been proposed that these patients must be given the power to kick the bucket calmly in light of their attentive oblivious condition. This issue has prompted a few lawful predicaments and in this manner, it has gotten fundamental to legitimately characterize the idea of PVS. As referenced before, there is no legitimate definition for PVS. During the eighties, the Commission for Study of Legal and Ethical Problems in Medicine and Behavioral Research formally perceived the meaning of persevering vegetative state, given by Jennett and Plum.8 The Commission endeavored to

10 Top GMAT Idioms

If you look at many lists of GMAT ® idioms, youll likely find dozens upon dozens of preposition-based constructions, e.g.  insist on,  characteristic  of,  correlate with. Although the GMAT does sometimes test these types of idioms, it is important to understand that they are not the primary focus of the test. Because of an increase in the number of international students taking the exam, the GMAC has elected to shift the focus away from idiomatic American usage and toward more issues involving overall sentence logic. That said, there are still a handful of fixed constructions that the GMAT does regularly test. Many, but not all, of these fall into the category of word pairs (aka correlative conjunctions). Particularly if you are not a native English speaker, you are best served by focusing on these constructions, which stand a high chance of appearing, as opposed to memorizing dozens of preposition-based idioms that have only a minuscule chance of being tested on any given exam. 1) Fewer vs. Less Fewer is used to describe things that are quantifiable (countable). It is always paired with singular nouns. Less is used to describe things that are not quantifiable. It is always paired with plural nouns. Note that the GMAT is more likely to use less to incorrectly modify singular nouns than it is to use fewer to modify plural nouns. The former construction is frequently used in everyday speech, so errors involving it are more difficult to identify by ear. Incorrect: According to one recent study, people who exercise five or more times a week experience less respiratory infections than people who only exercise once a week or never at all. Correct: According to one recent study, people who exercise five or more times a week experience fewer respiratory infections than people who only exercise once a week or never at all. 2) Due to Due to = caused by. If you encounter the phrase  due to on a GMAT question, plug in caused by and see whether it still makes sense. If not, some variant of because or should probably be used instead. Note that due to is pretty much always incorrect. This phrase is very rarely used properly in everyday English, and so the GMAT tends to target its misuse rather than its use. Incorrect: The long-tailed ground roller bird is placed in the ground roller family, which was given its name due to (caused by) its similarity to the rollers and its largely terrestrial nature. Correct: The long-tailed ground roller bird is placed in the ground roller family, which was given its name because of (or: as a result of) its similarity to the rollers and its largely terrestrial nature. 3) The -ER, the -ER This is a form of parallel construction used to indicate that an increase in one action causes an increase another action. Sentences involving it typically contain two clauses, with the comparative (more/-ER) placed at the beginning of each clause. Correct: The higher housing prices climb, the  greater the concern among economists that the market is headed for a crash. 4) More/-ERThan The comparative form of an adjective (adjective + -ER or more + adjective) must be paired with than. Incorrect:  Although many people have attempted to solve the mystery of Stonehenge, its purpose is hardly clearer in the twenty-first century  as it was five hundred years ago. Correct: Although many people have attempted to solve the mystery of Stonehenge, its purpose is hardly clearer in the twenty-first century than it was five hundred years ago. 5) BetweenAnd Incorrect: Certain parrot species can learn up to 2,000 words, in some cases further demonstrating their cognitive capacities through their ability to form associations between words to their meanings. Correct: Certain parrot species can learn up to 2,000 words, in some cases further demonstrating their cognitive capacities through their ability to form associations between words and their meanings. 6) So/SuchThat Incorrect: While Einstein himself was so resistant to the idea of black holes and  refusing to even acknowledge the possibility of their existence, other physicists used his groundwork to study these galactic giants. Correct: While Einstein himself was so resistant to the idea of black holes that he refused to even acknowledge the possibility of their existence, other physicists used his groundwork to study these galactic giants. 7) Such as vs. Like Such as = examples Like = comparison Such as is often incorrectly replaced by like before a set of examples. As a result, answers with such as tend to be correct. Correct: People who seek out extreme sports like skydiving and mountain climbing often do so because they feel compelled to explore the limits of their endurance. Correct:  People who seek out extreme sports such as skydiving and mountain climbing often do so because they feel compelled to explore the limits of their endurance. 8) In contrast to Incorrect: Contrasting with southern Renaissance painting, which focused on symmetry and perspective, northern Renaissance painting placed a greater emphasis on naturalism and surface detail. Correct: In contrast to southern Renaissance painting, which focused on symmetry and perspective, northern Renaissance painting placed a greater emphasis on naturalism and surface detail. When the formation of comparisons is tested, the GMAT also has a strong preference for (un)like. Correct: Unlike southern Renaissance painting, which focused on symmetry and perspective, northern Renaissance painting placed a greater emphasis on naturalism and surface detail. 9) Regard as   Incorrect: Among historians, the fall of Constantinople in 1453 is generally regarded to be one of the most consequential events of the late Middle Ages. Correct: Among historians, the fall of Constantinople in 1453 is generally regarded as one of the most consequential events of the late Middle Ages. 10) The term x refers to A term can only refer to something; it cannot actually be something. Incorrect: The term Tudor myth is a longstanding view of sixteenth-century England as a political and social golden age, ruled by the divinely-appointed Tudors. Correct: Incorrect: The term Tudor myth  refers to a longstanding view of sixteenth-century England as a political and social golden age, ruled by the divinely-appointed Tudors.

Reflection Education and Reflective Practice Essay

The aim of this assignment is to give a reflective account on group presentation and the peer assessment process as well as the development of a personal action plan. It would involve using ‘The What? Model of Structured Reflection’ (Driscoll 2007) to analyse the experience of using a group designed assessment tool to assess my peers and the experience of being peer assessed. Additionally, experience of completing a group presentation would be reflected upon. A personal action plan which identifies areas for personal development and the designed assessment tool is attached as appendix 1 and 2 respectively. Reflection entails reviewing experience from practice so that it may be described, analysed, evaluated and consequently used to†¦show more content†¦Although, the assessment tool appeared simple as it involved ticking boxes. However, it was difficult to decide which boxes to tick because students demonstrated majority of the criteria but at different levels and this led to being over marked. It would have been more realistic to award marks to each criterion rather than ticking boxes. Hargreaves (2007) as well as Quinn and Hughes (2007, p270) propose that assessment tool should be both valid (assess what it claims to assess) and reliable (perform in a consistent and stable manner). It is of the opinion now following the assessment that our assessment tool cannot be considered valid and reliable for the following reasons. Learning outcome was not part of the criteria so it was impossible to make a judgement about the quality of the students presentation and thus could not be penalized. Hinchliff (1999) suggests that learning outcomes should be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timed (SMART). It should include an indication of the evidence required to demonstrate that learning has been achieved (Dix and Hughes, 2004), but Welsh and Swann (2002) caution that too many may create unreasonable expectations. Moreover, the ambiguity of the tool and individuals subjectivity in terms of attitudes, beliefs and values (the ‘halo’ effect) resulted in perceived bias which affected the reliability. Bias however, remains an issue to overcome and as such I feltShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Reflective Practice Within Healthcare And Nursing894 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding of the theory of reflective practice within healthcare and nursing. Furthermore, the essay will identify and analyse the different models of reflective practice, the effectiveness of the models and how healthcare professionals can apply this within their profession. Also, the barriers that may prevent a healthcare professional from reflecting will be discussed in this essay and how it will impact the quality of care delivered to patients. Reflection and reflective practice can be defined in manyRead MoreReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice1332 Words   |  6 Pages Reflective Practice in Special Education Using Action Research Sunny Suzanne West St. Joseph’s University Course Title â€Æ' Abstract: Reflective Practices in Special Education Using Action Research Title and Link to Study: Promoting Reflective Practices in Special Education through Action Research: Recommendations from Pre-service Teachers; Paula Wenner Conroy http://journals.library.wisc.edu/index.php/networks Research Problem and Purpose of the Study: What is reflectiveRead MoreReflection Of The Confucius A Chinese Philosopher s Saying Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Practice I would like to start my essay by sharing the Confucius a Chinese philosopher’s saying: By three methods we may learn wisdom: first, by reflection, which is noblest; second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest. Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC) Chinese Philosopher Definition of Reflective Practice: This practice is one of the oldest theory that experienced by ancient Greeks over 2500 years ago as a concept of intention in exploration of truthRead MoreDebriefing Simulation As A Reflective Tool1034 Words   |  5 PagesDebriefing in the simulation as a reflective tool Simulation is one kind of reflective tool that widely use in nursing education. National League for Nursing (NLN) described that simulation was a teaching technique that encouraged students to use and apply their theoretical knowledge in clinical scenarios (2015). NLN (2015) also mentioned that â€Å"simulation engages learners with diverse perspectives to reflect and reframe the understanding of practice, bringing thinking and doing together† (p. 4)Read MoreCritical Reflection Is Essential For Developing An Adaptive Pedagogy1112 Words   |  5 PagesCritical reflection is essential for developing an adaptive pedagogy in that critical reflection encourages the sharing of knowledge, skills and experiences. Furthermore, critical reflective practice is a form of ongoing learning that involves engaging with questions of philosophy, ethics and practice. Additionally, documenting the daily events in the ECE sector is an important aspect of being a professional and are a compulsor y requirement for meeting the NCAC (2005) guidelines for high qualityRead MorePersonal Reflection And Development Plan1431 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Reflection and Development Plan Reflective practice has helped many people to improve their learning. It is a valuable tool often used by healthcare and education providers to improve their approach to work by questioning their actions. Throughout my short time spent in Higher Education (HE) I have learned many new aspects of learning like different learning styles and models of reflection and this provides me with an opportunity to look back over these ideas and reflect. This will allowRead Morecomparing relevant theories principles and models of reflective practice965 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Comparing relevant theories, principles and models of reflective practice In this evaluation I will analyse and compare relevant theories, principles and models of reflective practice and explain how they relate to my practice and development. Reflective practice is an evolving concept. In the 1930s, John Dewey defined reflective thought as: ‘Active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the furtherRead MoreReflective Reflection1266 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluate key academic sources linked with reflective practice, these include models by Gibbs, Kolb and Schon. One of these reflective models will be used to provide a critical analysis of my experience on the Study Skills and Employability module. Critical reflection will be included on how I felt during the module and what I have learnt from the module as well as what I would do next time if I was to repeat the module again. Reflection/ Reflective practice Reflection involves looking back on an experienceRead MoreReflection1542 Words   |  7 Pagesis to discuss the contribution of reflective practice for clinical nursing. Reflection has been defined as a way for individuals to â€Å"capture their experience, think about it, mull it over and evaluate† (Boud et al 1985: 19) Argyris and Schon (1974) suggest that practitioners often practice at less than effective levels because they follow routine. Johns (1995) implies that action can be taken through reflection to increase effectiveness in practice as reflection provides opportunities for self developmentRead MoreThe Theory And Practices Of Reflection1254 Words   |  6 Pages Critical reflection is the active, organised cognitive process used to carefully examine ones thinking and the thinking of others. It draws upon skills used in other ways of thinking, but is viewed as a broader concept that’s differentiated by its holistic, purposeful, reflective and goal orientated nature. Critical thinking is central to quality nursing practice. It is therefore important that nurses purposefully use and develop their critical thinking ability in order to deliver safe and effective

Qualitative Research Study And Action Research Essay

Introduction Qualitative research plays an important role in evidenced-based practice. Qualitative research often lay down the platform for added official quantitative studies or a follow up to a broad quantitative study. Qualitative research is a subjective design that investigates exceptional life concepts in a naturalistic setting using narrative descriptions as the findings (Polit Beck, 2017). There are six general types of qualitative research designs, namely phenomenological, ethnographic, historical, grounded theory, case study and action research, each one of these research design studies distinct human experiences phenomena (Polit Beck, 2017). The phenomenological research design studies the human understanding or knowledge base through descriptions that are afforded from lived experiences while the ethnographic design comprises data collection and analysis related to cultural groups (Polit Beck, 2017). Qualitative research is opposite of quantitative research, quantitative research c ounts on numerical and measurable with scales, tools, and intervention, it focuses on tightly controlled variables in a structured setting to provide explanation of laws and qualitative design is more flexible with variables and wants to understand the participants’ behaviors (Polit Beck, 2017). Validity in Qualitative Research Designs Qualitative research validity relates to the dependability and trustworthiness of data, events, and activities as indicated from researchShow MoreRelatedQualitative Research Study And Action Research Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pages Qualitative research plays an important role in evidenced base practice. Qualitative research often lay down the platform for added official quantitative studies or a follow up to a broad quantitative study. Qualitative research is a subjective design that investigate exceptional life concepts in a naturalistic setting using narrative descriptions as the findings (Polit Beck, 2017). There are six general types of qualitative research designs namely phenomenological, ethnographic, historical,Read MoreQualitative Research Study And Action Research862 Words   |  4 PagesFor this qualitative study the researchers chose a retailer of prescription eyewear, and prescription sunglasses positioned in a busy area of Surprise. The main street was closed off due to heavy construction, however, the parking lot was full. The business was positioned in a small strip mall between a real estate office, fast food restaurant, and yogurt shop. There were many patrons of various cultures and ages. Th ey were entering and leaving the surrounding shops including the business settingRead MoreQualitative, Qualitative And Qualitative Research1272 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribe qualitative research. Qualitative inquiry is a systematic process of describing, analyzing and interpreting insights discovered in every day life. Similar to quantitative research, qualitative methods begin with [empirical] observation of a phenomenon and its characteristics. In qualitative studies, the logic of inference is one of directly observed comparison, resulting in new insights and reclassifications, rather than strict numerical comparison and classification. This form of research generatesRead MorePrimary Sources Of Primary Research1231 Words   |  5 Pages1. Primary research, or research using primary sources, is first hand data and / or resources. In other words researchers are collecting data themselves. Primary sources are also examples of primary research; for example, when writing an essay on the Roman Empire, a diary or painting of that time is a primary source (also called the original source or original evidence) it has not been altered and is the closest real source information to the topic. Secondary research on the other hand involvesRead MoreQuestions On Quantitative And Qualitative Research964 Words   |  4 PagesOther Approaches to Research In the 20th century researchers developed other research designs that draw on quantitative and qualitative elements. Mixed methods, action research, and program evaluation follow the research design process of quantitative and qualitative research. Action research and program evaluation however are not applied research designs. Mixed Methods As the name implies, mixed methods research combines both quantitative and qualitative components to add depth and breadthRead MoreThe Scientific And Disciplined Inquiry Approach757 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Research Methodologies According to Merriam -Webster (2015), research is the â€Å"investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws†. As stated by Ndunda (2004), â€Å"research helps to provide facts, reliable information or verifiable information instead of assumptions.† Research should be conducted in a structured, systematicRead More Research Methods1483 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze of research in averagely can be accounted as an aim for understanding or a systematic study in search of information to shape or accept achievable facts. There are two mainly different ways of research. First, there is the basic research that appears not to go into the study field and the second, way is the applied research that studies given area into the aspect. It applies to resolve, understand and advance the methods and systems that are used in the search for human understanding of abnormalRead MoreResearch Methodology : Mixed And Action1095 Words   |  5 PagesMixed and Action MGMT605-1503B-01 Dolores Jackson Williams Colorado Technical University Online Action Research Action research methodology involves societal and psychosomatic research to help researchers to categorize social issues in a group or within the community, by using active participation in the research the group for the express exertion to solve the issues. Action research is in any environment where people will engage in a collective manner and are goal directed. Action research startsRead MoreIn Defense of Qualitative Research Methods1591 Words   |  7 PagesTOPIC: Qualitative research is often said to be without structure, process and rigor. Discuss. NAME: Jepter Lorde SUBJECT: Qualitative Research Methods ABSTRACT The continued academic tension between qualitative and quantitative inquiry has continued unabated. Scholarship since the 1980s, to redefine both paradigms, attempt to bring balance and importance of the respective contribution of both research processes. This has resulted in an interesting shift for â€Å"ensuring structure, process and rigor†Read MoreQualitative Design Chart Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesQualitative Design Chart The type of data collection for a qualitative research study depends on the research design. The qualitative design itself originates out of the disciplines and flow throughout the process of research (Creswell, 2014). Creswell (2014) recommends narrative, phenomenology, ethnography, case study, and grounded theory as common qualitative research methods. These were recommended because of they are popular across the social and health and science research studies. Hays Qualitative Research Study And Action Research Essay Qualitative research plays an important role in evidenced base practice. Qualitative research often lay down the platform for added official quantitative studies or a follow up to a broad quantitative study. Qualitative research is a subjective design that investigate exceptional life concepts in a naturalistic setting using narrative descriptions as the findings (Polit Beck, 2017). There are six general types of qualitative research designs namely phenomenological, ethnographic, historical, grounded theory, case study and action research, each one of these research design studies distinct human experiences phenomena (Polit Beck, 2017). The phenomenological research design studies the human understanding or knowledge base through descriptions that are afforded from lived experiences while the ethnographic design comprise data collection and analysis related to cultural groups (Polit Beck, 2017). Qualitative research is opposite of quantitative research, quantitative research count s on numerical and measure with scales, tools and intervention, it focuses on tightly controlled variables in a structured setting to provide explanation of laws and qualitative design is more flexible with variables and wants to understand the participants behaviors (Polit Beck, 2017). Validity in Qualitative Research Designs Qualitative research validity relates to the dependability and trustworthiness of data, events, and activities as indicated from research results analyzed.Show MoreRelatedQualitative Research Study And Action Research Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Qualitative research plays an important role in evidenced-based practice. Qualitative research often lay down the platform for added official quantitative studies or a follow up to a broad quantitative study. Qualitative research is a subjective design that investigates exceptional life concepts in a naturalistic setting using narrative descriptions as the findings (Polit Beck, 2017). There are six general types of qualitative research designs, namely phenomenological, ethnographicRead MoreQualitative Research Study And Action Research862 Words   |  4 PagesFor this qualitative study the researchers chose a retailer of prescription eyewear, and prescription sunglasses positioned in a busy area of Surprise. The main street was closed off due to heavy construction, however, the parking lot was full. The business was positioned in a small strip mall between a real estate office, fast food restaurant, and yogurt shop. There were many patrons of various cultures and ages. They were en tering and leaving the surrounding shops including the business settingRead MoreQualitative, Qualitative And Qualitative Research1272 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribe qualitative research. Qualitative inquiry is a systematic process of describing, analyzing and interpreting insights discovered in every day life. Similar to quantitative research, qualitative methods begin with [empirical] observation of a phenomenon and its characteristics. In qualitative studies, the logic of inference is one of directly observed comparison, resulting in new insights and reclassifications, rather than strict numerical comparison and classification. This form of research generatesRead MorePrimary Sources Of Primary Research1231 Words   |  5 Pages1. Primary research, or research using primary sources, is first hand data and / or resources. In other words researchers are collecting data themselves. Primary sources are also examples of primary research; for example, when writing an essay on the Roman Empire, a diary or painting of that time is a primary source (also called the original source or original evidence) it has not been altered and is the closest real source information to the topic. Secondary research on the other hand involvesRead MoreQuestions On Quantitative And Qualitative Research964 Words   |  4 PagesOther Approaches to Research In the 20th century researchers developed other research designs that draw on quantitative and qualitative elements. Mixed methods, action research, and program evaluation follow the research design process of quantitative and qualitative research. Action research and program evaluation however are not applied research designs. Mixed Methods As the name implies, mixed methods research combines both quantitative and qualitative components to add depth and breadthRead MoreThe Scientific And Disciplined Inquiry Approach757 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Research Methodologies According to Merriam -Webster (2015), research is the â€Å"investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws†. As stated by Ndunda (2004), â€Å"research helps to provide facts, reliable information or verifiable information instead of assumptions.† Research should be conducted in a structured, systematicRead More Research Methods1483 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze of research in averagely can be accounted as an aim for understanding or a systematic study in search of information to shape or accept achievable facts. There are two mainly different ways of research. First, there is the basic research that appears not to go into the study field and the second, way is the applied research that studies given area into the aspect. It applies to resolve, understand and advance the methods and systems that are used in the search for human understanding of abnormalRead MoreResearch Methodology : Mixed And Action1095 Words   |  5 PagesMixed and Action MGMT605-1503B-01 Dolores Jackson Williams Colorado Technical University Online Action Research Action research methodology involves societal and psychosomatic research to help researchers to categorize social issues in a group or within the community, by using active participation in the research the group for the express exertion to solve the issues. Action research is in any environment where people will engage in a collective manner and are goal directed. Action research startsRead MoreIn Defense of Qualitative Research Methods1591 Words   |  7 PagesTOPIC: Qualitative research is often said to be without structure, process and rigor. Discuss. NAME: Jepter Lorde SUBJECT: Qualitative Research Methods ABSTRACT The continued academic tension between qualitative and quantitative inquiry has continued unabated. Scholarship since the 1980s, to redefine both paradigms, attempt to bring balance and importance of the respective contribution of both research processes. This has resulted in an interesting shift for â€Å"ensuring structure, process and rigor†Read MoreQualitative Design Chart Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesQualitative Design Chart The type of data collection for a qualitative research study depends on the research design. The qualitative design itself originates out of the disciplines and flow throughout the process of research (Creswell, 2014). Creswell (2014) recommends narrative, phenomenology, ethnography, case study, and grounded theory as common qualitative research methods. These were recommended because of they are popular across the social and health and science research studies. Hays

Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Management

Question: Discuss about the Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Management. Answer: Introduction This paper critically evaluates the topic the role of the leader in the practice of good governance and social responsibility in a publicly or privately held company. For this paper, Westpac Banking Corporation is selected to explain the concepts of organizational CSR commitment and organizational ethical decision making. Westpac Banking Corporation that is also known as Westpac (an Australian bank and financial-services provider) more commonly applies the CSR and ethical strategy to maintain its reputation and goodwill in the markets of Australia, New Zealand and the near Pacific. Westpac Group has been awarded as Socially Responsible Bank of the Year 2015 by Money Consumer Finance Award. The company recognizes the bank's social and environmental leadership effectively (Westpac Banking Corporation. 2017). Concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the responsibility of an organisation for the society, people and environment that fulfill by it to behave transparent, legal and ethical. The main concept of the CSR is that the organization is responsible for not only their investors or stakeholders but also responsible for people, society, and environment; so it integrated social, environmental and ethical concerns within organizational business process. The concept of CSR explains that organizations must contribute into sustainable development by focusing on health and welfare of society (Carroll and Shabana, 2010). According to the CSR, the organizations must consider the interest of all stakeholders and focus on fulfillment of the expectations of stakeholders including, employees, customers, suppliers, dealers, investors or shareholders, local communities, government, and the environment. Moreover, after the globalization of the market, the CSR concept has been converted in compliance with applicable business laws, ethics and international norms of behavior. In the twentieth century, the concept of the CSR has been developed as a global governance mechanism by the global trans-national institutions such as the United Nations (UN), The World Bank, Trade Organization (WTO), The World Bank, the International Labour Organization, and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). These global trans-national institutions and arrangements have developed the concept of CSR with respect to human rights and economic development (ACCSR Environment Policy, 2016). In the same manner, the business leaders are mainly responsible in setting and shaping CSR as they considered the interest of all stakeholders while taking the business decisions. Business leaders must follow the laws, ethics and international business norms in the practice of good governance and social responsibility in a publicly or privately held company. Business leaders are responsible for business failures similar as they also responsible for CSR issues and unethical issues (McWilliams, Siegel and Wright, 2006). Along with this, business leaders and management are responsible to understand the concepts of CSR and ethics (morals and values) as a response to business social responsibility and obligation to the community. Concept of CSR, Ethics, Morals and Values The concept of ethics means the corporation or person must behave right and follow morals or values to promote the good of everybody in the society or community. The concept of ethics is different with the concept of CSR because of ethics talks about the values and morals of a person/organization, while CSR is a practice that involves a small part of each of these ethical areas. CSR concept means corporations have responsibilities to a variety of other stakeholder, while the concept of ethics indicates corporations have moral responsibilities to follow laws and ethics to prevent the people and environment. The CSR concept means corporation focus on profit with social responsibility for people and environment, while ethics means corporations follow laws and regulations to perform business activities to make a positive move or provide benefits to society (Carroll and Shabana, 2010). In addition, ethics is related to a society, CSR related to people and environment and morality values are related to an individual person. Ethics and CSR are related more to a professional life and business or corporation while morals or values are related to individual as what beliefs and principles individuals follow independently. Strategic Implications of Adopting Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics The CSR and business ethics are an integral element of a firms business, so that strategic implication of adaptation of CSR and ethics is essential for any kind of firm at the present times. In recent times, many MNCs are adopting the CSR and business ethics as the strategic implications to create their image and reputation in the minds of people. The main reason behind it is that it gives message to people that organization behaves ethically and prevents the people and environment. For instance, Westpac publishes its annual reports on social responsibility that describe its CSR strategies or activities that the company uses to reduce the pollution, save energy, and save the people or environment through focusing on the reduction of emission of carbon. The major strategic implication of adopting CSR and business ethics of Westpac is to investment in CSR in order to develop reputation in the marketplace (Ramasastry, 2015). As CSR and ethics strategic implication, Westpac is able to at tend the interests of a wider set of stakeholders that enhance its intangible assets such as: relationships, goodwill, reputation, image, trust, brand value and opportunities for innovation. On the other hand, most of the MNCs are adopting CSR and business ethics as a strategy of achieving the competitive advantages in the market. Westpac adopts CSR and ethics as strategic implications for considering the interest of all stakeholders to provide benefits to them through the business processes or operations. Profit earning is not the only aim of the Westpac, but it focuses on contribution into the society and environment as well as improves people living way through strategic CSR and business ethics (McWilliams, Siegel and Wright, 2006). Moreover, after the globalization, in more competitive global markets, the organizations like Westpac gains a competitive advantage by providing benefits to the public all the way through strategic adaptation of CSR and business ethics. Ethical Business Dilemmas and Their Overcome In recent times, employees face several types of ethical dilemmas and some of them on a regular basis. For case, discrimination at workplace, unfair wages, taking credit for others, side deal or gross negligence, financial fraud, misleading financial statement, etc. are the major examples of ethical business dilemmas. Employee differentiation on the base of gender, culture, tradition, religion, norms, citizenship, etc, is the unethical behavior of the leaders. Harassing behavior such as mentally, sexually or physical harassment is also example of ethical dilemma that impacts other employees self-esteem as well as performance. In recent times, ethical dilemma related to financial fraud and misleading financial statement related has become a major subject of concern to the organizations (Valentine and Fleischman, 2008). Along with this, business organizations adopt and implement CSR and business ethics to overcome ethical dilemmas related to harassment, discrimination, financial fraud, misleading financial statement and so on effectively. Westpac also adopts CSR and ethics in the workplace to bind the leaders, managers and employees behave ethically with others in the organization. Westpac implements the code of ethics in the organization to overcome the ethical dilemmas in an effective and an appropriate way. Leader Role in Setting and Influencing Corporate Responsibility in Organization Business leaders or managers of Westpac play a major role in strategic implications of corporate social responsibility and business ethics. Business leaders or managers of Westpac reform their business frameworks, rules, and models to consider the interests of stakeholders and follow laws while taking business decisions or making business policy, plan or strategy (Michelon, Boesso and Kumar, 2013). Along with this, Leader or manager sets and influences CSR in Westpac by aligning employee goals with Westpacs CSR goals. Managers or leaders maintain the regular communication with its employees about their individual goals with Westpacs CSR goals during staff meetings, week or monthly meetings by phone, emails, social media, etc. Moreover, Leaders set and influence CSR in workplace by setting an example of role model for its employees; so they can behave ethically and responsibility. Leaders are also adopting CSR and business ethics through setting or implementing code of ethics for empl oyees in Westpac. Leaders recognize and reward to employee for their contributions to Westpacs CSR activities (Ruggie, 2014). Conclusion On the premises of above report, it can be concluded that CSR and business ethics has become essential business aspect for Westpac to maintain its brand name and image in the market. Moreover, leaders or managers of Westpac play major roles in the practice of good governance and social responsibility through aligning employee goals with CSR goals of Westpac. References ACCSR Environment Policy. (2016). What is CSR? [Online]. Available At: https://accsr.com.au/what-is-csr/ [Accessed On: 09th January 2017] Carroll, A. B. and Shabana, K. M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International journal of management reviews, 12(1), pp. 85-105. McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. S. and Wright, P. M. (2006). Corporate social responsibility: Strategic implications. Journal of management studies, 43(1), pp. 1-18. Michelon, G., Boesso, G. and Kumar, K. (2013). Examining the link between strategic corporate social responsibility and company performance: An analysis of the best corporate citizens. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 20(2), pp. 81-94. Ramasastry, A. (2015). Corporate Social Responsibility Versus Business and Human Rights: Bridging the Gap Between Responsibility and Accountability. Journal of Human Rights, 14(2), pp. 237-259. Ruggie, J. G. (2014). Global Governance and New Governance Theory: Lessons from Business and Human Rights. Global Governance, 20(1), pp. 5-17. Valentine, S. and Fleischman, G. (2008). Ethics programs, perceived corporate social responsibility and job satisfaction. Journal of business ethics, 77(2), pp. 159-172. Westpac Banking Corporation. (2017). Westpac named Socially Responsible Bank for third year running. [Online]. Available At: https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/westpac-group/company-overview/our-strategy-vision/ [Accessed On: 09th January 2017]

John Edwards What is Hell in Your Eyes Essay Example

John Edwards: What is Hell in Your Eyes Paper Edwards Is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath. For this average teenager in America, my definition of hell is much different than the hell of sasss Jonathan Edwards. For me hell is a term used to describe the unknown. What I am trying to say is that there is no hell, it is Just a floating concept created and used by some people. I believe that we, as humans created a place known as hell in order to scare and control other people. For example, in the past hell was a place that everyone wanted to avoid no matter where he or she was. Event thought groups of people might have been separated they still share similarities such as the Egyptian underworld and the Catholic purgatory. Both of these places used the concept of hell to alter the way people think so that they will lead to the positive actions and reactions. Also religious groups such as the Jewish do have a hell but It Is used differently than the other thoughts of hell. To most non Jewish people they hear hell and think of a place of orient and fire, but for the Jewish it is called Genomic and it is not a place of punishment but a place of reconstruction. In fact, the Jewish believe that hell is Just a way to purify the soul and is an extra step in reaching heaven. This might be translated differently because of the media and pop culture influences. We will write a custom essay sample on John Edwards: What is Hell in Your Eyes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on John Edwards: What is Hell in Your Eyes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on John Edwards: What is Hell in Your Eyes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With this alteration hell is drawn to be a horrible place where suffering never ends and can be avoided by making good decisions. The idea of hell is a good creation in order to help humans make good and positive choices but it is not real and is a scare tactic used y those In the past that have carried into the future. Going back to the idea I previously stated, the Idea of death mixed with the unknown can create this concept of hell because when people dont know what Is what they need some sort of float that holds them above water. In this case It the Idea of heaven and hell are the concepts holding people above the water. Anything could have been created but by creating these two places the common human will want to make good and positive choices in order to avoid the place of torment. Giving more evidence to my previous tenement, no living being has passed away and then come back from the dead to tell the living what happens. Because we do not know and are not able to know we have to create something in order to make ourselves feel better and remain sane. Jonathan Edwards had a view of hell as a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath. But I believe that hell was created as a tool that has been used by many throughout the long period of time that it has been used. John Edwards: What is Hell in Your Eyes By Matt-Degree Hell, described by Jonathan Edwards is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and people think so that they will lead to the positive actions and reactions. Also religious groups such as the Jewish do have a hell but it is used differently than the other by those in the past that have carried into the future. Going back to the idea I previously stated, the idea of death mixed with the unknown can create this concept of hell because when people dont know what is what they need some sort of float that holds them above water. In this case it the idea of heaven and hell are the

Essay about Love

Essay about Love Love is a universal feeling or emotion and every human on this earth loves someone. It is not necessary that love exists only between opposite sexes but love is there between human kind, between brothers, between sisters, between brothers and sisters, between parents and children, between husband and wife, between neighbours, between nations, between all relations and love also exists between humans and other living beings such as animals. Therefore, nobody can deny the existence of love in this world. Sometimes you need to describe the love you have for someone in words. At that time, you are in need of appropriate style and words through which you can deliver your feelings of love in form of essay on love. The question that comes to your mind at that time is how to write an essay about love? To write an essay about love, you have to follow some general steps of writing an essay. You have to follow the pattern of introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion. In the introduction part , you have the introduce the topic of your essay on love and also have to give some introduction of the person for whom you are going to write essay about love. It is not necessary that your essay about love is for some particular person; your essay about love can be a general essay for all the living beings of the earth just for showing your good feelings of love and harmony towards all the creation of God. If your essay about love is a general essay, you have to describe love in your own words; you have to answer the following questions: What do you feel about love? What is love? Describe it by your own criteria. Does love exist? Have you loved someone ever? What is the difference between love and emotionalism? Why are you writing essay on love? By giving the answers to the questions stated above, you will come to know about your own thinking about love and you will be able to write an essay on love, which will be good enough. Always make drafts because drafting makes your writing easy and error free. After drafting, you will be able to find your errors and remove them. Custom essay about love only requires your full devotion and dedication towards your writing. Write from your heart and you will see that the results will be amazing. For writing about love essay, all you have to do is to follow the pattern of introduction, body and conclusion. Never try to do a free writing. A free writing can only be done on a draft where you can assemble all your ideas roughly but the final essay about love should contain all the ideas in the arrangement that is already described. Your rambling style will make your essay on love a bad and incomprehensive one while an organized essay on love will be good enough to read and write let us know your needs and requirements by visiting our professional custom essay writing service. Heres a list of the most popular love essay topics: 1. The Power of Love: The Theme of Love in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet 2. Is love good or bad in nature? 3. The dominating love 4. The Infinity of love 5. Literatures Affects on Love 6. Dimensions of Love 7. Without Love Life Is Meaningless 8. The Mechanics of Love 9. Do People Really Fall In Love? 10. Christian and non-christian love 11. Types of Love 12. What is love? 13. The Role of Love in Mythology 14. Love in the English Renaissance Period. 15. Love is All You Need 16. Reflection on Love 17. Love is Unconditional 18. Love is blind, as far as the eye can see 19. The Suppression of Love and Eroticism in 1984 20. Love: A Magical Feeling 21. Definition of love 22. Quality and Quantity of Othellos love 23. Aspects of love in romeo and juliet 24. Love: Free or Oppressing? 25. Love makes our hearts gentle

Life and Its Lessons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Life and Its Lessons - Essay Example Socrates said that he doesn’t want to flee, though he was to be sentenced. He wants to be sentenced even though he doesn’t believe in the ways on how the government sentenced him. He would like that the public know of his ideas rather than flee. He was a philosopher and he stood with his beliefs even if it meant he had to die for it. He further stated in Apology that â€Å"A good man cannot be harmed either in life or in death† and since he believed that he did the right thing, then he knew that even if he died then he would not be harmed.It was also in the text â€Å"Apology† wherein the â€Å"Strong Promise of Defiance† showed that Socrates was willing to defy the Athenian court whether it was a legal or illegal order if it stops him from being what he is which is a philosopher. In addition to this, another example is in the story â€Å"The Lesson† by Toni Cade Bambara, one of the characters Miss Moore is a college educated woman who has co me to live in a poor African−American neighborhood and took the responsibility to teach the children living in it about the community outside and the problems that African Americans and poor people face in the world. Miss Moore was not afraid to be different from the other members of the community where she lived. She was college educated, does not go to church like the rest of the community and wore her hair in curls that was different from the African-American descent who had their hair straightened out. . This just shows that she’s comfortable with her ancestry and does not conform to what was expected of their race. She was not afraid to share her ideas even if others think she is weird. Another example came from the play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansbury, Beneatha was a feminist, her ideas and the way she thinks were that of a modern African-American woman. She even wants to works as a doctor which in his brother’s eyes was a job for a m an and wanted her to be a nurse instead. She was not afraid to speak of her ideas and what she feels (Domina, 3). In order to make right decisions people have to determine first who they really are. Because if they deny everything that they stand for, then the decision making capabilities may be hindered by conflicts within themselves. Another question that a person asks in life is â€Å"what can I know†, what people know in their lifetime came from what they learned from childhood and reinforced as they grow old. The lessons in life â€Å"what we can know† are influenced by people met in school, work, and the society. In addition, some lessons are results of the decisions or choices that are made. The story â€Å"The Things we Carried† by Tim O’Brien depicts and shows the things that soldiers carry both physical and emotional issues. It sets an example on what can one know in the workplace and the people they work

Plan for your Professional Development Assignment

Plan for your Professional Development - Assignment Example The stated program provides the students knowledge and skills for success which opens up a wide ranging opportunities in their lives. It is known to all professional students that the global environment of market place in constantly changing. Slowly and gradually, the global market place is becoming competitive and huge complex. Therefore, it is necessary for me to understand the courses under the program to taste success in the near future. If the opportunities are taken into account at first, it can be said the teachers successfully completing the course can think of a salary rise while others who are involved in educating children can stay connected with the latest trends or fashion in the market and therefore can serve the students in efficient fashion. The course will contribute in enriching the adult teaching theories as well as explore the design and implementation of the theories in the practical scenario. The focus of the course lies upon understanding the diversity as well as creating the inclusive learning environments. The course curriculum is designed for the professionals, who are interested in working with adult learners in the fields of corporate training, community as well as government agencies and post secondary institutions (Strayer, 2013). . These courses will help me to explore myself in future educational environment. Proper in-depth understanding about the coursework will help me to pursue the dream which I want to attain in the near future. Education is always treated as a noble job and when it comes to teaching adults in the various academic o the corporate arena, then it lures up much more excitement. Answer 2: Assessment of Knowledge, skills and experience The course period will provide me a thorough understanding of the adult learning theory. It will also contribute in analyzing the impact of adult learning on the community as a whole and on the society. It will provide me the requisite knowledge to develop and design the institutio nal content that incorporates the theory relating to adult leaning as well as meet the learning goals. The course content and the curriculum are highly effective to strengthen the communication skills to effectively deliver the content and keep the learners interested in a variety of settings. It is important to keep the interests of the learners intact for any learning course. The analytical plans will laid out the format to deliver effective teaching modules. The familiarity with the online teaching systems will contribute in habituating the learners with the online method and facilitate the adult learning. Proper understanding of theories and practices will help me to increase my level of knowledge, skills and experience. High level of knowledge, skills and experience will help me to increase my number of strengths in order to solve several critical and real time practical issues and problems within the environment (Adair, 2013). Data Analysis (Presentation), Conduct Market Resea rch (Lead a Department) and Detect Problems or Error (Organize Programs) are three major strengths that can be applied to current or future educational environment. The adult education theories and the case studies will significantly increase my level of practical understanding. Moreover, this educational process will help me create knowledge, skills

The Effect of Minimum Wage Policy on Poverty Reduction Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Minimum Wage Policy on Poverty Reduction Essay 1 Introduction Minimum wage policies are widespread throughout the world. More than 90% of all countries have a minimum wage policy (International Labour Office, 2009, p. 34). Although the goals of mandating and maintaining a minimum wage, such as the reduction of poverty and the creation of income equality, are widely accepted around the world, there is a disagreement about the policy’s efficacy regarding these goals. Opponents of setting a minimum wage argue that it leads to unemployment, and it does not result in the reduction of poverty (Burkhauser Sabia, 2007, p. 263). Meanwhile, employment plays an important role in poverty alleviation, because it secures income and empowerment for the poor (United Nations, 2005). However, proponents of the minimum wage policy appoint that the policy leads to decrease in poverty rates and the unemployment effect is not significant (Lustig and McLeod, 1997). That means, there is controversy over the use of minimum wage as an anti-poverty tool, and this makes the topic interesting to study. This paper will evaluate the extent to which the minimum wage policy is an effective anti-poverty tool. The evaluation will be based on literary reviews of scientific articles and theoretical materials regarding the influence of minimum wage on employment and poverty. Such a focus is selected because studying the effect of minimum wage only on employment does not lead to a conclusion about the influence of minimum wage on poverty. Even if the unemployment effect is moderate, an increase in the minimum wage leads to net income losses for poor families (Neumark Wascher, 1997, p. 1). In addition, criteria such as the effect of minimum wage on employment and poverty level will be used for evaluation of efficacy of minimum wage policy as anti-poverty tool. The paper will be structured in the following way: section two will provide a summary of works related to the topic; in section three, the selected assessment criteria will be described; evaluation and the conclusion will be presented in section four and five respectively. 2 Theoretical framework A few empirical investigations were made to find evidence in favour or against the minimum wage as an anti-poverty tool. There are several research studies that demonstrate that the minimum wage policy is an ineffective means of achieving poverty reduction in many cases because of the unemployment effect . Neumark and Wascher (1997) conducted one such investigation. They studied the effect of minimum wage on poverty on the basis of changes in net income of poor families. The researchers discovered that raising minimum wages increases the probability that some poor families escape poverty and the probability that, initially, non-poor families fall into poverty. The discovered result supposes that the unemployment effect combined with minimum wage increases causes reductions in the income of previously non-poor families (Neumark Wascher,1997, p. 3). The conclusion of Neumark and Wascher (1997, p. 31) is that there is no strong evidence to support the idea that minimum wage policy helps in poverty alleviation because of the concomitant unemployment effect of minimum wage. Another research study was conducted on the basis of Brazilian microdata by Paes de Baros, Carlos, and Samir (as cited in Gindling Terrell, 2010). The result of the research showed that there was no effect of the minimum wage on poverty because the unemployment effects of the minimum wage increase. Pauw and Leibbrandt (2012) also decided to check the efficacy of minimum wage as an anti-poverty tool. To investigate the influence of the minimum wage policy on poverty in South Africa, they used an advanced micro-simulation model, which assesses the distribution of employment gains and losses and the implications for household income. The results showed that minimum wages led to a marginal decline of poverty. Moreover, job losses, price increase and income decline are more likely to affect the poorest. The investigators found that the minimum wage policy targets a small fraction of the poor. As such, they concluded that the policy was not an effective tool in South Africa because it was not well targeted (Pauw Leibbrandt, 2012, p. 780). However, there are few empirical research studies that prove that the minimum wage policy reaches the poor. The first estimates on the effect of minimum wages on poverty were made in the United States by Card and Krueger (as cited by Gindling Terrell, 2010). They used regression analysis to examine the change in the poverty rate of states from 1989 to 1991 and took into consideration only a small fraction of workers who were influenced by the minimum wage increase. The researchers found weak evidence of a modest poverty reduction effect because of the minimum wage increase. Lustig and McLeod (1997) also investigated the effect of the minimum wage on poverty but in Latin America and Asia. They concluded that an increase or fall in minimum wage leads respectively to a decline or increase in the poverty rates in developing countries (Lustig McLeod, 1997, p. 81). However, it was also noticed by the investigators that an increase in the minimum wage could increase slightly unemployment. (Lustig McLeod, 1997, p. 77). In addition, they mentioned that even if the minimum wage is shown to reduce poverty in the short run, employment opportunities could decrease in the long run. The result of research by Saget (2001, p. 22) shows that an increase in minimum wage reduces poverty; however, for a set of Latin American countries, where regression analyses were made on the basis of a one- or two-dollar poverty line, there was no effect on the poverty level. Moreover, they remark that the result confirms their intuition that minimum wages in developing countries do not influence the poorest population but the low-income population of the upper level instead. The empirical research of Gindling and Terrell (2010) regarding the influence of minimum wage on poverty in Honduras provided evidence that a raise in the minimum wage had a modest poverty-reducing effect. The results are true for the formal sector and could be higher, if there was no the unemployment effect in the formal sector. Moreover, the researchers suggested that those who lost jobs probably found jobs in the informal sector, where the minimum wage regulation does not hold power (Gindling Terrell, p. 915). Although in the majority of studies above, the unemployment effect of the minimum wage policy is mentioned, Card and Kruger (1994, In: Ropponen, 2011) discovered that a minimum wage increase can lead to an increase in employment. Such evidence they received by investigating fast food restaurants in New Jersey in 1992. Thus, there are several studies that provide evidence both in favour and against the minimum wage policy as anti-poverty tool. 3 Criteria Two criteria were selected for the evaluation of the extent to which the minimum wage is an effective tool for poverty alleviation: They are the influence of the minimum wage on the poverty level and its effect on the employment of the poor. The measuring of the effect of the minimum wage on the poverty level supposes focusing on the transition into poverty and out of poverty and the changes in poverty rates. Such a focus follows from the analysis of theoretical frameworks, where researchers used poverty rates (Gindling Terrell, 2010) or transitions out or into poverty for the evaluation of the influence of the minimum wage on poverty (Neumark Wascher, 1997). The employment effect of minimum wage criterion was selected because in the theoretical framework, the employment effect seems to be a critical factor that identifies the effectiveness of the minimum wage as an anti-poverty tool. For example, Samir, (as cited in Gindling Terrell, 2010) mentions that there is no effect of the minimum wage policy if the employment effect increases. These criteria will be applied by finding in the empirical investigations the evidence of the negative or positive changes in the poverty level and employment or the evidence of the absence of corresponding minimum wage influences. After that, evidence will be weighed, and a decision about the effectiveness of maintaining a minimum wage will be made. 4 Evaluation Although economists agree that the primary goal of minimum wage policy is poverty alleviation, many disagree about its effectiveness as an anti-poverty tool, as shown in section 2 of this paper. In this section, arguments for and against the policy were compared using criteria from section 3, evaluating the extent to which minimum wage served as an effective anti-poverty tool.

Physics of Caterpillar Tracks :: physics tank tracks

Every time you see one of the CATs clearing the hill at university of the snow, you probably don't see anything amazing about it. However, caterpillar tracks used on it are just ingenious and its invention is comparable to the invention of the wheel. History First vehicles powered by the steam engine started to appear in the early 1800s. Various machines started slowly replace horses. It was especially true for the jobs that required a lot of power. Transportation, of course, was the first and the most beneficial adopter. Goods could be carried across large distances with relative ease. No wonder that farmers were also eager to adopt engines. By that time most of the work was done using horses and basic tools. Problems Steam powered harvesters and tractors were introduced by the end of 19th century. It started to gradually replace horses. However in some regions they created new problems as well. Vehicles proved to be too heavy for soft soils and often stuck and even sunk. Experiments with various sizes of wheels didn't produce good results. Increasing size of wheels just made vehicles heavier and more difficult to operate. Benjamin Holt of Holt Manufacturing figured that using an old trick of pouting planks before the wheel would improve cross-country ability. By doing so, it provides solid plane for better traction and lower pressure on the ground since size of the plank is larger then of the wheel. Basics The main advantage of the track over the wheels is that it can distribute a very large force over a large area. That means that instead of applying all the force on little area where wheels touch the ground, it applies it over the whole area of the track. In physics terms it can be expressed as P = F / A where P is pressure, F is force and A is area. Less force applied to every square meter means that it's harder for the heavy vehicle to sink into the ground. Another benefit of the tracks is that large area of contact allows to have a very good traction with the ground. That is why tracks are used for mission critical jobs, including military use and high cost operations, such as excavations and space rocket movements. Drawbacks Even though caterpillar tracks provide very good cross-country ability, they have its drawbacks. Because of the weight and the construction of tracks speed of the vehicle is limited in comparison to the wheeled machines.

Information Technology in India Essay

India is one of the great standup country in the field of science and technology. every year india produces more than 500 thousands engineers. No doubt it is a bulk producers of scientists and technologists. Information Technology remain the backbone of the economical growth of India. and you can see it from the observed facts of exports. The share of IT in exports has increased by 17% from 1990 to 2001. IT based sectors such as Backoffice, remote maintainence, accounting, public service, medical, insurence and other bulk processiong fields are rapidly expending. Indian companies such as HCL, WIPRO, INFOSYS, TCS are today’s tough competitors for the other IT organizations. History of Information Technology in India The setup of IT in India was done by the Tata group in association with the Burroughs at Mumbai in 1967. The first software export zone SEEPZ was setup in 1973 this was what we can call the old avatar of the IT parks. at that time 80% of india’s software were exported from there. The indian government baughtEVSEM computers from soviat unions in 1968 which was used in big organizations only for the technological and scientific researchs. After the freedom of india in aug 1947 it was an economically beleaguered country. but due to the efforts of PM late. sir Jawaharlal Nehru india very repidly become a wide scientific work-field, such big that it was ranked 3rd after the USA and Soviat Unions. But due to the production of more engineers then country can consume the number of emigrants increased and this supported forigen countries to get a large step ahead from india. The most of the helping hands in the US’s scientific and technological improvement was Indian, in association with the california’s silicon valley. During this time the creation of new organization was in progress. with enhancement of IT in india some well known groups stood-up some of the names are, National Informatic Center, Tata infotech, Patni Computers, Wipro, Infosys etc. In 1991 Department of electronic created a corporation called Software Technology Parks of India which are owned by govt. of India. They provide VSAT communication. and after 1993 Govt. allowed pvt. companies to own dedicated links. VSNL was first to introduce Gateway E-Mail service with the 64kbps leased line service. It was the ministry of Atal Bihari Vajpai who significantly improved the IT in india by placing development of IT in the five major priorities and form National Task Force on IT and software development. and within 90 days of the creation of NTF the suggested 108 recommendation for IT sector. And new telecommunication policy IT Act 2000 was created for legal procedures of electronic transaction and e-commerce. Present Day Situation The present day situation of IT is a bit down due to the recession occurred in the market some year back but India is recovering very soon and IT sector id again on its running speed toward the progress. In the 2010 the economical revenue from the outsourcing operation of IT industry was US$ 54.33 billion which is greater then the other Asian country. and this revenue is expected to be raised up-to US$ 255billion in this decade. the major hub in IT in India is Bangalore which is also called silicon valley of India. beside this other emergind hubs are Delhi(NCR), Hydrabad, Chenni, Pune, Mumbai etc. The IT services has grown by 2.4 % in 2010 and is expected to grown at the rate of 4.2 % in 2011. according to the report of IDC in march 2010 india’s data center services had a revenue estimated upto US$1.39 billion. TRAI reported that country has more than 10 million broadband subscriber and these numbers will change into 100 millions by the 2014. and the market of PC in india has grown at the rate of 27% in the past year and of Notebook computers has grown with a rate of 52 % which is surprisingly a huge ratio as compared to other countries. India is seen as a business environment and is growing like pollution in the environment(i didn’t got other example of rapid growth rate). IT services and solution providers Patni computers has signed a deal of 32 million US$ with the a UK- based IT service provider. Firstsource solution has a deal with Barclaycard. vertex (CMO) has announced a joint venture with shell transource to address the domestic BPO. The market of the networking equipment in india is estimated to grow at a rate of 15 % till 2012as per reported in dec.2010. the net investment in the software and hardware market is of US$ 10,406 million according to department of industrial policy and promotion. An IT company EMC corp. will touch the investment of US$ 2 billion by 2014. A russian IT security company plans to invest 2 billion us$ in hydrabad in coming financial year. Still the Indian IT industry has no dead end in its way ahead. I wish for the continuous progress of IT in India. Note : the above discussed article is written on the basis of research on the various web resuorces. though I had tried to provide best, still there is no lack of knowledge on Internet for the subject of the same.

History and Definition of Human Rights in the U.S.

The term human rights refers to rights that are considered universal to humanity regardless of citizenship, residency status, ethnicity, gender or other considerations.  The phrase first became widely used due to the abolitionist movement, which drew on the common humanity of slaves and free persons. As William Lloyd Garrison wrote in the first issue of The Liberator,  In defending the great cause of human rights, I wish to derive the assistance of all religions and of all parties. The Idea Behind Human Rights   The idea behind human rights is much older, and its much harder to trace. Rights declarations such as the Magna Carta  have historically taken the form of a benevolent monarch granting rights to his or her subjects. This idea progressed in a Western cultural context toward the idea that God is the ultimate monarch and God grants rights that all earthly leaders should respect. This was the philosophical basis of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, which begins: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Far from self-evident, this was a fairly radical idea at the time. But the alternative was to accept that God works through earthly leaders, a view that seemed increasingly naive as literacy rates increased and knowledge of corrupt rulers grew. The enlightened view of God as a cosmic sovereign who grants the same basic rights to everyone with no need for earthly intermediaries still anchored human rights to the idea of power — but at least it didnt place the power in the hands of earthly rulers. Human Rights Today   Human rights are more commonly viewed today as basic to our identities as human beings. Theyre no longer typically framed in monarchical or theological terms, and theyre mutually agreed upon on a more flexible basis. Theyre not dictated by a permanent authority. This allows for a great deal of disagreement regarding what human rights are, and whether basic quality-of-life concerns such as housing and health care should be considered part of the human rights framework. Human Rights vs. Civil Liberties   Differences between human rights and civil liberties are not always particularly clear. I had the opportunity to meet with several visiting Indonesian womens rights activists in 2010 who asked me why the U.S. does not use the terminology of human rights to address domestic concerns. One might speak of civil rights or civil liberties when discussing an issue like free speech or the rights of the homeless, but its rare for the U.S. policy debate to incorporate the terminology of human rights when discussing things that happen within the boundaries of this country. Its my feeling that this comes from the U.S. tradition of rugged individualism — conceding that the U.S. can have a human rights problem implies that there are entities outside the U.S. to which our country is accountable. This is an idea that our political and cultural leaders tend to resist, although its likely to change over time due to the long-term effects of globalization. But in the short term, applying the principles of human rights to U.S. controversies may provoke more fundamental arguments about the relevance of human rights principles to the U.S.There are nine fundamental human rights treaties to which all signatories - including the United States - have agreed to hold themselves accountable under the auspices of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights. In practice, there is no fully-binding enforcement mechanism for these treaties. Theyre aspirational, much as the Bill of Rights was prior to the adoption of the incorporation doctrine. And, much like the Bill o f Rights, they may gain power over time. The phrase fundamental rights is sometimes used interchangeably with human rights, but it can also refer specifically to civil liberties.